اسلام و پژوهش‌های تربیتی

Learning, one of the most central concepts in educational sciences and psychology, has always been based on specific philosophical foundations. The aim of this research is to explain the nature, process, and laws governing learning and the factors involved in it from the perspective of transcendental wisdom. This research seeks to answer the question of how learning, as a fundamental change in humans, is described within the framework of Sadra's principles and how it differs from common approaches in the psychology of learning. The present research has been conducted with a descriptive-analytical approach and a philosophical-deductive method. The findings of the research show that learning, from Mulla Sadra's perspective, is an "existential change" and an inherent transformation in the human soul, in which the human soul reaches perfection through "abstraction" from material attachments, "elevation" in the levels of existence, "transition" to higher worlds, "connection" to abstract truths, and ultimately intuitive "union" with them. In this view, learning is a movement from acquired knowledge to present knowledge in which the human soul, through scientific and practical conduct, achieves direct observation of truths and becomes a part of known reality. This process is subject to laws such as harmony with existence, order, comprehensiveness, and the desire for unity, and factors such as will, health of the powers, environment, and transcendental grace are involved in it.